RESUMO Introdução: Devido à pressão acadêmica, muitos estudantes universitários sentem-se desmotivados para o exercício, acarretando a sérios problemas de obesidade. Um dos recursos eficazes para a perda de peso é o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade, porém não há pesquisas amplas sobre o efeito nesse grupo específico. Objetivo: Explorar o impacto do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade no índice de gordura corporal (IGC) dos estudantes universitários, analisando o embasamento científico e a segurança desse treinamento de exercício através dos indicadores de frequência cardíaca. Métodos: Dois grupos experimentais MICT (treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada) e HIIT (treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade) foram comparados. O grupo HIIT utilizou bicicletas estacionárias, de acordo com o método de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. MICT é um método de treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada, portanto a carga foi a metade do grupo HIIT. Resultados: O IGC das mulheres após o treinamento foi de 22,81±2,87, o IGC foi significativamente reduzido e houve uma diferença muito significativa, o IGC dos homens após o treinamento foi de 22,74±2,12, o IGC foi significativamente reduzido e houve uma diferença muito significativa. Isso mostra que os exercícios têm um bom efeito na perda de peso. Conclusão: O treinamento HIIT é mais eficaz, tanto em tempo quanto na resistência da adesão. Tem um bom efeito de melhora na função cardiopulmonar, sendo a otimização do IGC fortemente impactada. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to academic pressure, many college students feel unmotivated to exercise, leading to serious obesity problems. One of the effective resources for weight loss is high-intensity interval training, but there is no extensive research on the effect on this specific group. Objective: To explore the impact of high-intensity interval training on body fat index (BFI) in college students, analyzing the scientific basis and safety of this exercise training through heart rate indicators. Methods: Two experimental groups, MICT (moderate-intensity continuous training) and HIIT (high-intensity interval training), were compared. The HIIT group used stationary bicycles, according to the high-intensity interval training method. MICT is a moderate-intensity continuous training method, so the load was half that of the HIIT group. Results: The IGC of women after training was 22.81±2.87, the IGC was significantly reduced, and there was a very significant difference; the IGC of men after training was 22.74±2.12, the IGC was significantly reduced, and they very significant difference. This shows that the exercises have a good effect on weight loss. Conclusion: HIIT training is more effective, both in time and strength of adherence. It has a good effect on improving cardiopulmonary function, and optimizing IGC are strongly impacted. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Debido a la presión académica, muchos estudiantes universitarios se sienten desmotivados para hacer ejercicio, lo que conduce a graves problemas de obesidad. Uno de los recursos efectivos para la pérdida de peso es el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad, sin embargo, no hay amplias investigaciones sobre el efecto en este grupo específico. Objetivo: Explorar el impacto del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en el índice de grasa corporal (IGC) de estudiantes universitarios, analizando la base científica y la seguridad de este entrenamiento de ejercicio a través de indicadores de frecuencia cardíaca. Métodos: Se compararon dos grupos experimentales MICT (entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada) y HIIT (entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad). El grupo HIIT utilizó bicicletas fijas, según el método de entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad. El MICT es un método de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada, por lo que la carga era la mitad que la del grupo HIIT. Resultados: El IGC de las mujeres después del entrenamiento fue de 22,81±2,87, el IGC se redujo significativamente y hubo una diferencia muy significativa, el IGC de los hombres después del entrenamiento fue de 22,74±2,12, el IGC se redujo significativamente y hubo una diferencia muy significativa. Esto demuestra que los ejercicios tienen un buen efecto en la pérdida de peso. Conclusión: El entrenamiento HIIT es más efectivo, tanto en tiempo como en resistencia a la adherencia. Tiene un buen efecto de mejora de la función cardiopulmonar, con un fuerte impacto en la optimización del IGC. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Presently in order to excavate suitability of resources of lactic acid bacteria for fermentation of mandarin fish, a strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which was cultivated from stinky mandarin fish via using traditional MRS medium (CMC 1-8), was firstly isolated and purified. Subsequently, it was discovered that the as-harvested LAB was recognized as Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei with assistance of technology of phenotypic identifying and 16S rRNA sequencing. Concurrently, relevant characteristics in aspects of growth curve, acid production capacity, temperature and salt tolerance of Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei were plainly investigated. Furthermore, the preliminary research on protease properties and biological properties was revealed. The results unfolded that the strain could grow and produce acid normally at 37 °C, and deliver a strong tolerance even under 3% NaCl at 12 °C, which could be significant sufficiently to satisfy the low-temperature and salty fermentation of mandarin fish. The best compatible temperature and pH value for protease production were at 70 °C and 9.0, respectively. Resultantly, the main metabolites, containing polyphenols, flavonoids and soluble polypeptides, performed a remarkable effect on scavenging abilities of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) free radical and ferricyanide reducing ability, of which the IC50 were 1.05, 6.87, and 4.62 mg/mL, respectively. And, the metabolites displayed partial inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, CMC 1-8 can potentially serve as a functional microorganism to directionally ferment mandarin fish.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the risk factors for predicting atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) detected by cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Methods: A total of 140 patients with CIED in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2018 were included and were followed up to observe whether they had AHREs. AHRE are defined as atrial rate ≥ 175 times/minute, lasting > 5 minutes, and reviewed by an experienced electrophysiologist with unclear clinical diagnosis. The patients fasted for 12 hours after implantation, and blood samples were collected for biochemical, lipid, and whole blood count detection. Follow-up was regular after discharge to record follow-up data of each patient and conduct statistical analysis. Results: One hundred and forty patients were implanted with dual-chamber pacemakers, their median age was 70 years old, 44.29% were male, 27 patients had AHRE within one year, and AHRE incidence rate was 19.29%. The microcytic to hypochromic (M/H) ratio was calculated for all AHRE patients and compared with the patients without AHRE; the M/H value of AHRE patients was significantly higher. Throughout the entire follow-up period, a total of 44 patients developed AHRE; when adjusted by multivariate analysis, only M/H ratio ≥ 4.5 vs. < 4.5 had statistical significance, and the adjusted hazard ratio value was 4.313 (1.675-11.105). Conclusion: As an indicator, M/H ratio may play an important role in the occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation and can be used as a predictor of AHRE in patients with CIED.

RESUMO Introdução: Após pesquisas de longo prazo, descobriu-se que os atletas são suscetíveis a infecções do trato respiratório superior e doenças do sistema digestivo quando submetidos a exercícios de alta intensidade por longos períodos de tempo. Objetivo: Verificar se a suplementação probiótica pós-exercício pode melhorar significativamente o funcionamento do sistema imunológico e desempenhar um papel positivo na saúde dos atletas. Métodos: Este foi um estudo quantitativo com análise distributiva para verificar se os suplementos probióticos poderiam melhorar a resposta imunológica após o exercício. Resultados: Após o uso de suplementos probióticos, ao registrar diferenças individuais nas características de distribuição da flora gastrointestinal dos atletas, descobrimos que as mudanças no desempenho esportivo dos sujeitos, leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos e flora gastrointestinal após seis semanas de treinamento especial foram diferentes. Conclusão: Probióticos orais de longo prazo para atletas podem efetivamente reduzir a inflamação no corpo, reduzir os danos corporais durante o exercício e efetivamente melhorar a função imunológica do trato gastrointestinal. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: After long-term research, it was found that athletes are susceptible to suffering from upper respiratory tract infections and digestive system diseases when subjected to high-intensity exercise for long periods. Objective: To verify whether consuming probiotic supplements after exercise can significantly improve the function of the immune system and play a positive role in the health of athletes. Method: This is a quantitative study with distribution analysis to verify whether probiotic supplements could improve immune response after exercise. Results: After using probiotic supplements, by recording the individual differences in the distribution characteristics of athletes› gastrointestinal flora, we found that the changes of subjects› sports performance, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and gastrointestinal flora after six weeks of special training were different. Conclusion: Long-term oral probiotics for athletes can effectively reduce inflammation in the body, reduce damage to the body during exercise, and effectively improve the gastrointestinal tract›s immune function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: Tras una investigación a largo plazo, se descubrió que los atletas son susceptibles de sufrir infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior y enfermedades del sistema digestivo cuando se someten a ejercicios de alta intensidad durante largos períodos. Objetivo: Verificar si el consumo de suplementos probióticos después del ejercicio puede mejorar significativamente la función del sistema inmunológico y desempeñar un papel positivo en la salud de los atletas. Método: Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo con análisis de distribución para verificar si los suplementos probióticos podrían mejorar la respuesta inmunitaria después del ejercicio. Resultados: Después de usar suplementos probióticos, al registrar las diferencias individuales en las características de distribución de la flora gastrointestinal de los atletas, encontramos que los cambios del rendimiento deportivo de los sujetos, los leucocitos, los neutrófilos, los linfocitos y la flora gastrointestinal después de seis semanas de entrenamiento especial eran diferentes. Conclusión: Los probióticos orales a largo plazo para los atletas pueden reducir eficazmente la inflamación en el cuerpo, reducir el daño al cuerpo durante el ejercicio y mejorar eficazmente la función inmune del tracto gastrointestinal. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Introduction In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between the I/D gene polymorphism of ACE and the risk of AF in Chinese population. Materials and methods: Studies searched in several databases from beginning to July 2019 were included in our study. After screening by evaluation, thirteen articles were selected. Results: Our results showed that I/D gene polymorphism of ACE increased the risk of AF. The stratified analyses by case types and control sources suggested a markedly increased association in lone AF, hypertensive patients with AF, and un-typed AF, as well as in studies with hospital person and healthy person. The stratified geographical analysis indicated the risk of AF increased significantly in North China. Conclusions: All in all, our results indicated the marked relationship between I/D gene polymorphism of ACE and the increased risk of AF in Chinese population.

Abstract The present study investigated the extraction and purification technology of matrine from Sophora flavescens Ait. and the inhibitory effects of matrine on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE-2 cells. The matrine was extracted from Sophora flavescens Ait. by decocting using ethanol-aqueous solution as the solvent, followed by purification using ion exchange resin adsorption. The extraction and purification conditions were investigated. The effects of matrine on growth, cell apoptosis and cycle of CNE-2 cells and expressions of Bac-2 and caspase-3 protein in cells were detected. Results showed that, the optimal extraction and purification technologies of matrine from Sophora flavescens Ait. were obtained, under which the purity of matrine was 81.56%. Matrine could obtain inhibit the growth of CNE-2 cells, promote the cell apoptosis, and arrest most cells in G0/G1 phase. In addition, after treated matrine, the relative expression level of Bcl-2 protein in CNE-2 cells was decreased, and the expression level of Caspase-3 protein was increased. In conclusion, matrine has inhibitory effects on human NPC CNE-2 cells. The mechanism may be related to its down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein and up-regulation of Caspase-3 protein expression.

ABSTRACT LOB (lateral organ boundaries)-domain proteins define a family of plant-specific transcription factors involved in developmental process from embryogenesis to seed production. They play a crucial role in shaping the plant architecture through coordinating cell fate at meristem to organ boundaries. Identification of LBD genes from Brassica rapa genome, and analysis of phylogeny，gene structure, chromosome location, phylogenetic and tissue expression pattern analysis of LBD family genes in Chinese cabbage will be useful to the functions identification of plant LBD genes. Based on Brassica rapa genome database and bioinformatic method, Chinese cabbage LBD family genes were identified and the genes were sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was created using the MEGA5 program. Gene structure and chromosomes location were done by MapDraw, GSDS and Clustal X. Expression pattern of LBD genes at different development stages was analyzed based on RNA-seq. A total of 62 LBD genes were identified and could be classified into two classes and four subclasses according to the gene structure and conserved domain phylogeny relationship. Distribution mapping showed that the predicted LBDs were unevenly localized on all the 10 chromosomes, suggesting that they have an extensive distribution on the Brassica rapa chromosomes. Most of the LBD genes had differential expression pattern and showed highly diverse tissue-specific expression and functional diversity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a genome wide analysis of the Brassica rapa LBD gene family, which would provide valuable information for understanding the classification and putative functions of the gene family.

BACKGROUND: Restricted space and close contact with conspecifics in captivity may be stressful for musk deer, as they are highly territorial and solitary in the wild. So we tested the effects of crowding on stress of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in heterosexual groups, using fecal cortisol analysis as a non-invasive method. 32 healthy adults during non-breeding seasons were chose as our experimental objects. Group 1 was defined as higher crowding condition, with 10-15 m²/deer (6 enclosures, 10♀ and 6♂); group 2 was defined as lower crowding condition, with 23-33 m²/deer (6 enclosures, 10♀ and 6♂). Every enclosure contained 1 male and 3 female. These patterns had been existed for years. RESULTS: The results showed that females in lower crowding condition (217.1 ± 9.5 ug/g) had significantly higher fecal cortisol levels than those in higher crowding condition (177.2 ± 12.1 ug/g). Interestingly, crowding seemed have no effect on male fecal cortisol levels (148.1 ± 9.1 ug/g and 140.5 ± 13.3 ug/g, respectively). At both groups, cortisol was significantly lower in males than in females. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that chronic crowding may affect stress status of captive forest musk deer. The captive environment should consider the space need for musk deer.

Cronofunção de solo é uma alternativa para quantificar processos de formação de solo e o fundamento para a modelagem da gênese de solo. Para estabelecer essas cronofunções, propriedades de solos selecionadas e datação com 14C no Holoceno, em perfil do solo "Heilu" em um Loess de Luochuan, foram estudadas. Funções linear, logarítmica e polinomial de terceira ordem foram selecionadas para ajustar as relações entre propriedades e idades dos solos. Os polinômios de terceira ordem apresentaram o melhor ajustamento para as relações entre argila (< 0,002 mm), silte (0,002-0,02 mm), areia (0,02-2 mm) e idades dos solos e uma tendência para a presença de horizonte Ah no perfil. A função logarítmica indicou preferencialmente variações no conteúdo de C orgânico e pH com o tempo (idade do solo). A variação no conteúdo de CaCO3 e nas razões Mn/Zr, Fe/Zr, K/Zr, Mg/Zr, Ca/Zr, P/Zr e Na/ Zr com a idade do solo foi mais bem descrita pelas funções polinomiais de terceira ordem, nas quais, como tendência, observou-se migração de CaCO3 e de alguns elementos.

Soil chronofunctions are an alternative for the quantification of soil-forming processes and underlie the modeling of soil genesis. To establish soil chronofunctions of a Heilu soil profile on Loess in Luochuan, selected soil properties and the 14C ages in the Holocene were studied. Linear, logarithmic, and third-order polynomial functions were selected to fit the relationships between soil properties and ages. The results indicated that third-order polynomial function fit best for the relationships between clay (< 0.002 mm), silt (0.002-0.02 mm), sand (0.02-2 mm) and soil ages, and a trend of an Ah horizon ocurrence in the profile. The logarithmic function indicated mainly variations of soil organic carbon and pH with time (soil age). The variation in CaCO3 content, Mn/Zr, Fe/Zr, K/Zr, Mg/Zr, Ca/Zr, P/Zr, and Na/Zr ratios with soil age were best described by three-order polynomial functions, in which the trend line showed migration of CaCO3 and some elements.

Uma série de materiais híbridos mesoporos MCM-41, contendo diferentes grupos amino (como 3-aminopropila (AP-), (2-aminoetilamino)propila (AAP-), ou [2-(2-aminoetilamino)etilamino]propila (AEP-)) foi preparada pelo método de pós-enxertia e caracterizada por difração de raio X de pó (XRD), adsorção de N2, espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e dessorção de CO2 com temperatura controlada (CO2-TPD). As propriedades catalíticas destes materiais híbridos para a reação de transesterificação de dimetil oxalato com fenol foram investigadas. Verificou-se que todos são ativos, particularmente o AEP-MCM-41, que apresentou a maior atividade dentre eles. Apenas um pequeno decréscimo na atividade foi observado após vários ensaios catalíticos sucessivos utilizando o mesmo catalisador, indicando uma boa reciclabilidade do mesmo. Notavelmente, a atividade do catalisador pode ser regenerado por simples tratamento com base, sob condições brandas. Além disso, os efeitos da densidade e da força básica dos grupos amino sobre as propriedades catalíticas foram exploradas na proposição do mecanismo de reação, incluindo a provável rota que leva à formação do subproduto anisol.

A series of hybrid mesoporous MCM-41 materials containing different amino groups (such as 3-aminopropyl (AP-), (2-aminoethylamino)propyl (AAP-), or [2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl (AEP-) group) were prepared by a post-grafting method, and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD). The catalytic properties of these hybrid materials were investigated for the transesterification of dimethyl oxalate with phenol. All the samples were active for the transesterification. Among them, the sample AEP-MCM-41 exhibited the highest activity under test conditions. And only a slight decrease in activity could be observed after few runs, indicating the good recyclability of this catalyst. Notably, the activity of the used catalyst could be regenerated by simple treatment with diluted basic agents under mild conditions. Moreover, effects of the density and the basic strength of the amino groups on the catalytic properties were taken into consideration for understanding the reaction mechanism and the possible formation route of the by-product anisole.